Buying a Business – What is the Value of Goodwill for a Buyer?
According to a 2010 study by KPMG entitled, “Intangible Assets and Goodwill,” over 50% of the purchase price of a business is typically allocated to goodwill.
Since the largest part of the purchase price of a profitable small business is usually goodwill, it is important to understand what it is. Essentially, goodwill is the life force of the business. Tangible assets are just “stuff.”
Business value is not built solely on the accumulation of tangible assets, such as equipment and machinery, but also on the intangibles, known as goodwill, that contribute to its profitability. The value of a business is determined by its ability to generate cash flow and the risks associated with consistently producing that cash flow.
Goodwill has a major impact on value because it reduces the risk that a business’ profitability will falter after it changes hands. That goodwill value is simply calculated as the difference between the purchase price of the business and the fair market value of the tangible assets included in the sale.
The following are some examples of factors that can contribute to the goodwill of a company:Reputation
- Brand or trade name recognition
- Websites, Domain names
- Trade Secrets, recipes
- Customer list, Exclusive supplier list
- Copyrights, Trademarks, Patents
- Licenses, permits, regulatory approvals
- Contracts
- Production or order backlog
- Accreditations
- Developed Processes
- Proprietary Designs, Proprietary Know-How
- Customized Software Programs
- Step-by-Step Training Systems
- Customized or Proprietary Databases
- Published Articles or Industry Press
- Employee skills and experience
Consider the value of a list of customers that have generated a steady stream of revenue to a commercial landscaping company for many years. This list allows a prospective buyer to view the business as less risky because recurring revenues can realistically be predicted. In addition, the company can continue to build upon that customer list through reputation and word-of-mouth, each of which are components of goodwill. You cannot touch reputation or buy word-of-mouth; they are revenue-generating intangible assets that belong to the company.
Proprietary Databases, Processes, Competitive Advantage
Let’s further consider the value of that same commercial landscape company’s growing database that contains relevant information about future potential customers. Knowledge is power and what you know about your target market gives you an advantage over your competitors. For example, if the database includes email addresses, low-cost online marketing methods can be utilized to tell your story over time and provide helpful tips to your audience on how they can protect their landscapes this season.
What if details of every business interaction, details of every discussion, meeting, or bid are logged into the database? Have details of marketing efforts been tracked and logged? Do you know when the next “warm” call should be made? Processes that capture this intelligence and the effective and innovative use of the information translates to tangible results such as increased website visibility, rising revenues, and increased market share.
A robust database containing proprietary information built by using developed processes that can translate to future profits is more than just a means to communicate with your target audience — it is a long-term resource that cannot be duplicated and adds to the goodwill value of a company.
Name Recognition, Trade Secrets, Trademarks, Branding
Now imagine buying a restaurant if the business name or secret recipes are not included in the sale. If you had to change the name of the business and are not able to use the recipes that made the restaurant a favorite venue for the dining public, would the business continue to generate the same revenue into the future? One would expect that even the savviest gambler would not take that bet.
Here is an example that most people might remember from not too long ago…..the trademark Big Mac Song. The Big Mac secret recipe was branded with a tune that brought in customers by the millions. What about that name? Would the restaurant have the same value if the McDonald’s name was not included? Let’s not forget the golden arches trademark. It, too, brings in hungry travelers and earns big bucks for the business. Those arches are worth more than just the cost of the sign on top of the building. What did Ronald McDonald represent? He was a mascot (trademark) and a figure behind the company’s success for almost 50 years. Recipes, names, advertising jingles, trademarks, branding, are all intangible assets that cannot be touched or replaced like equipment or machinery, but nevertheless, create real value for a company.
Goodwill Translates to Higher Value
These examples help to clearly illustrate the powerful revenue-generating capacity of some intangible assets that make up goodwill. Buyers are usually hesitant to pay too much for goodwill because it is an asset they can’t touch or feel. The effort put into articulating the goodwill in a business and how it impacts its success will likely result in a higher valuation when sold.